CORE CAPACITY OF UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATORUNDER
REQUIREMENT OF INNOVATION OF TEACHING METHODS
IN THE CONTEXT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

 Bài đăng trong Kỉ yếu Hội thảo "Giáo dục và Quản lí giáo dục trong thời đại 4.0", NXB Thông tin Truyền thông, 2022, trang 208 - 213 

Dr. Cao Thi Thanh Xuan - Saigon University

Email: cttxuan@sgu.edu.vn

SUMMARY
Industry revolution 4.0 creates many opportunities and challenges for training contemporary human resources. Therefore, all countries must create smart education, and universities must actively innovate teaching methods to meet manpower needs of society in the era of digital technology. Universities require their administrators to have the core capacity to lead successfully innovation of teaching methods.

Keywords: Administration capacity; core capacity; university administrator

1. Impact of industrial revolution 4.0 on innovating teaching methods

Education in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 (smart education) is a term used by some politicians and scientists as an expectation of education development goals in the context of industrial revolution 4.0. Each industrial revolution has its own characteristics to make great, synchronous and comprehensive change not only in economy but also in culture - society. Industrial revolution 4.0 with features such as smart production with materials and production tools is made from elements including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data [2]. The integration of three elements: Artificial Intelligence (wisdom of men has expressed through a system of artificial devices thanks to the development of digital technology and utility of computer) [4], with Internet of Things (set of super electronic devices capable of connecting things and phenomena around humans to humans, with the Internet and with all entities inside and outside the earth [5] and with Big Data (data with high complexity that can’t be handled by traditional data treatment devices due to challenges in analysis, search, collection, storage, transmission, query, connection and database administration for activities of economic development, culture, education, health, defense and security and others of human) has created scientific breakthrough to create smart devices with ability of performance. The core of that breakthrough is development achievements of super digital technology [6]. That proves humankind has walked completely into an intellectual civilization with all thoughts and actions deployed with or effectively supported by super-smart electronic devices on a system that is connected to everything thanks to artificial intelligence.

The history of human development proves that socio-economic development always has a dynamic equilibrium relationship with educational development. Therefore, in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, it is inevitable to have an education that adapts to the model and level of socio-economic development. That poses a new requirement for every country to effectively create and run smart education that transforms the way of education from imparting knowledge to focusing on development of quality and capacity of students to create “product of education”, human resources with independent and creative thinking to take one or more social activities under the optimal assignment of position and responsibility from society.

Under that requirement, higher education must have educational programs and contents; methods and forms of educational organization; training activities, scientific researche; educational means and conditions; evaluation of educational results; use of “educational products”; administration of institutions of higher education and others designed and implemented on the basis of achievements of the industrial revolution 4.0 (ground-breaking achievements of digital technology are integrated between AI, IoT and Big Data) [2]. Among the requirements of training innovation towards education 4.0, innovation of teaching methods under the impact of industrial achievements 4.0 is considered a breakthrough in innovation of higher education.

2. Key capacity of “products of higher education” in the era of industrial revolution 4.0

Key capacities for “products of higher education” in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 include: Capacity for basic research; capacity for applied research and technology development; capacity for operation control; capability of administrating the system of Internet of things.

+ Capacity of basic research is to discover the nature and law of things, natural phenomena, society and thinking to create basic principles and theories in scientific fields in general and especially in the field of digital technology development.

+ Capacity of applied research and technology development is to apply basic research results to invent super-smart devices with artificial intelligence capable of self-moving and analyzing big data to connect all things to serve interests of people and society.

+ Capacity of operation control of the system of super smart devices to carry out scientific and technological research and development activities, commodity production, commercial transactions, cultural conservation and development, development of education, health, security and defense and others to meet the existence and development needs of people in a civilized society.

 + Capacity of administrating the system of Internet of things, is mainly to administrate the operation of super smart devices to create relations between existing and future entities in this world. Broadly speaking, it is the macroscopic management capacity of a subsystem constituting the social system and the micro-management capacity (administration) of an organization belonging to a specific subsystem in the social system.

Key capacities for “products of higher education” in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 are only achieved when learners are trained in an environment that always has access to the innovation of teaching methods in modern way. Those “products of higher education” are only achieved when university administrators have the core capacity in implementing innovation of teaching methods under the impact of industrial revolution 4.0.

3. Core capacity of university administrator under requirement of innovation of teaching methods in the era of industrial revolution 4.0

 Administration of higher education facilities (mainly schools) always plays the first role and decides quality and efficiency of educational activities. So what is the core capacity of university administrators in the education of the era of industrial revolution 4.0? With such capacity, they can govern the innovation of teaching methods successfully.

Scientists have discussed a lot about competencies, types of human competencies depending on positions and functions of the jobs they undertake. Recognizing the process and performance of a person with the highest responsibility and power in an organization, it is necessary to consider the combination of professional competence with governance of that person. The capacity of university administrators is assessed generally according to their impacts on subordinates to mobilize and coordinate resources (human, finance, materials, information and others) for the development of activities so that an organization can achieve defined objectives, including the following capacities in general: capacity of thinking, the capability of handling work, capacity for human relations [1]. If administrators want to effectively influence organizations and individuals under their management, the core issue is to recognize and solve problems. In other words, the core capacity of administrators in general and university administrators in particular is capacity for solving problems.

In fact, for administration of innovation of e teaching methods in universities in the era of industrial revolution 4.0; there will be problems because higher is developed on the basis of achievements of industrial revolution 4.0 and creates human resources for that revolution. “Problems” is a term used to mention something that needs to be considered, studied and solved (or dealt with) but very difficult [3].

Capacity for solving problems of university administrators is shown as follows:

- Recognize problems in administration of innovation of teaching methods

University administrators find out problems in school administration according to the main sources:

+ They receive school administration information from departments/ faculties under their management on training. To obtain necessary information, university administrators must have capacity of analyzing context of economic - social development and content of party documents, policies, management strategy of the State and the education sector to implement effectively activities of defining objectives of education, objectives of innovation of teaching methods and administration of innovation of teaching methods. University administrators understand their responsibilities (in other words, they know they are in charge of problems and are responsible for solving them) to direct subordinates to implement innovation of teaching methods in accordance with requirements for development of smart education in the era of digital technology.

+ They receive information from products of Science - Technology, especially the ones from the integration of AI, IoT and Big Data. Then, school administrators can set up and deploy the basic functions of administration for selecting teaching methods and forms of teaching organization, mobilizing media and educational conditions for activities of innovating teaching methods.

+ They receive information from school activities to see what problems in innovation of teaching methods need to be considered, researched and resolved to be ready to “confront” (there are possible solutions) with problems that have occurred or will occur, and things that need to be completed in the era of digital technology.

- Capacity of analyzing problems in administration of innovation of teaching methods

Analyzing to understand problems in administration of innovation of teaching methods of school administrators gives clear description of problems in administration of innovation, points out causes of problems, and defines goals to solve problems. The manifestation of this specific capacity is the ability to find the “cause and effect” relation of problems; identify contexts, resources, advantages and disadvantages of problems in order to find possible and effective solutions. The tools to analyze problems by school administrators are not beyond the benefits of industrial revolution 4.0.

- Capacity of selecting solutions in administrating innovation of teaching methods

Capacity of searching for and selecting feasible and optimized solutions to solve problems is shown in the process and results of operations in innovation of teaching methods:

 + Search for solutions to solve problems means to find ways to change conflicts, solve problems, or overcome shortcomings in schools for innovation of teaching methods. The tools to find and deploy those ways are also not out of the benefits of industrial revolution 4.0 for education. It means school administrators use not only traditional administration “tools” but also the system of self-moving devices of artificial intelligence to analyze data, connect things in the implementation of administrative functions.

+ Selecting feasible and effective solutions to problems is the capacity for proposing valid and strategic solutions or situations in an acceptable time; and effectiveness (solving problems with minimal investment in resources and not creating new problems); feasibility (implementing solutions with less binding objective factors such as policies, material resources, cultural values, etc).

- Capacity of implementing solutions in administration of innovation of teaching methods

Once a solution has been selected to solve some problem, school administrators must have specific capacity of implementation: making a plan of executing solution of innovation of teaching methods, disseminating such plan to all concerned members, issuing decision on implementing solution. Activities including making plan, notification of solution, and decision on implementing solutions must rely on the utilities of AI, IoT and Big Data.

- Capacity of supervision and adjustment after implementing solution of administration of innovation of teaching methods

Capacity for supervision and adjustment after implementing the solution of administration of innovation of teaching methods is shown in the ability to monitor the implementation of the solution by collecting information during implementing solution to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented the solution. In addition, it is shown in the ability to make decisions that promote the good in order to continue to realize the good in school life in the face of the need to successfully innovate teaching methods, correct deviations, and adjust restrictions.

4. In summary

The country, in the current context, has to enter industrial revolution 4.0 and fulfill tasks of industrial revolutions 2.0 and 3.0. And entering industrial revolution 4.0 is an objective inevitability due to the breakthrough in digital technology. This revolution requires leaders of universities to create smart schools, and strongly innovate teaching methods to train manpower capable of integration, so school administrators must have capacity for problem-solving so that innovation of teaching methods adapts to achievements of the era of digital technology.

REFERENCES

1. Dang Quoc Bao - Nguyen Sy Thu (2017 ), School management/ administration in the context of education in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, Journal of Science of Educational Administration, Education Management Cadre School, Ho Chi Minh City; special issue, October - 2017.
2. Nguyen Phuc Chau (2018), Renovating training program specialized in educational management to meet requirements of industrial revolution 4.0; Journal of Educational Management; issue 1, January 2018.)
3. Howard Senter (2003), Solving issue of essential tools and methods for managers, Tre Publishing House.
4. Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, ISBN 013-080302-2.
5. Vongsingthong, S.; Smanchat, S. (2014). “Internet of Things: A review of applications & technologies” (PDF). Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology.
6. Magoulas, Roger; Lorica, Ben (February 2009). “Introduction to Big Data”. Release 2.0 (SebastopolCA: O'Reilly Media) (11).